Enerji Sektöründe Ar-Ge Faaliyetlerinin Gelişimi: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz
Sayı / OnlineFirst
Sayı 2/1
Yıl / Cilt / Sayı
2025 / 2 / 1
Anahtar Kelimeler
enerji sektörü, Ar-Ge, istihdam, karlılık
Yazar/lar
Ömer Özdinç1
1 Dr. SER Danışmanlık, Altunizade, Yetimhane Sk. Numara:8, Daire:7, Üsküdar 34662 İstanbul. E-posta: omer.ozdinc@sd.com.tr
Öz
Türkiye enerji sektörü, 2009-2023 döneminde araştırma ve geliştirme (Ar-Ge) harcamaları ve istihdam yapısında önemli değişimler göstermiştir. Merkez Bankası Gelir Tablosu (GT) verilerine göre enerji sektörünün Ar-Ge giderleri 2009’da 17.690,6 milyon TL’den 2023’te 259.792,7 milyon TL’ye yükselmiştir. Ancak, bu artışın genellikle imalat ve yazılım gibi diğer sektörlerin gerisinde kaldığı görülmektedir. Buna karşılık, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) anket verileri, özellikle 2019-2023 döneminde enerji sektöründeki Ar-Ge harcamalardaki artış oranının diğer sektörlerin oldukça ilerisinde olduğunu göstermekte, bu durumun veri analitiği ve yapay zeka teknolojilerinin bu sektörde kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Enerji sektörünün net satışlar ve faaliyet giderleri içindeki Ar-Ge payları oldukça düşük seyretmekte ve 2023 yılı hariç genel yükselme trendine uymamaktadır. Sektörün karlılığında ciddi bir istikrarsızlık gözlemlenmiş, 2009-2023 döneminin 6 yılında zarar edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Karlılığın artmasıyla Ar-Ge’ye daha fazla kaynak aktarıldığına dair anlamlı bir ilişki verilerle doğrulanmamıştır. Ar-Ge istihdamı açısından, enerji sektörü 2019’a kadar diğer sektörlerin gerisinde kalırken, 2020’den sonra %100’ün üzerinde bir artışla öne çıkmıştır. Ancak, Ar-Ge personelinin toplam çalışanlar içindeki oranı (%0,56) hala Türkiye ticari sektör ve imalat sektörü ortalamalarının (%1,36 ve %1,96) oldukça altındadır. Çalışmada, Merkez Bankası ve TÜİK verileri arasında önemli tutarsızlıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumun muhasebe mevzuatı ile anket beyanları arasındaki farklardan kaynaklanabileceği ve detaylı inceleme gerektirdiği düşünülmektedir. Enerji sektörünün Ar-Ge ve istihdam performansı, teknolojik kapasite oluşumu ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri açısından kritik öneme sahiptir ve veri tutarlılıkları üzerine daha derinlemesine analizler yapılması önerilmektedir.
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